Fourth, the characteristics of Chinese Bonsai
Bonsai art, bonsai is the style and genre, is in the process of long-term development through the creative artists around the miniature long-established. Such characteristics and their formation, development, and prosperity for our country's rich artistic bonsai is of great significance. As a result of China's vast territory and abundant resources, from south to north, the different geographical conditions, climate and soil differences in the natural environment, which is also very complex species resources. For example, warm southern hi banyan Murraya, Fujian tea and cold of the north sumac, hawthorn, Euonymus; Tamaricaceae of alkali and acid Camellia hi and so on, it must have the growth habit, which provides that it has a certain degree of growth region, and to a large extent also about shaping the way forward and the choice of processing techniques. In addition, people all over the customs, a different aesthetic, they formed different styles around the bonsai. Bonsai is the art of bonsai style creators in the artistic level of the signs, the more distinctive artistic style, it works the more strongly attractive, and would also tend to have a certain impact, if spread to art schools may be formed.
Miniature school of art, that is, in a certain period of time, by a number of ideological inclination, artistic point of view, creative and artistic style similar to those formed by the creators of the arts groups, through the work shows the characteristics of its own, and to distinguish with other schools . At present, our country recognized bonsai bonsai community schools (mainly trees bonsai pots have Yangzhou, Su faction, faction-chuan, the Lingnan School, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang School, customs, etc. to send the eight schools, all have their own characteristics and style. Are, respectively, described below.
(A) Schools of bonsai trees and style
1. Yangzhou Bonsai
Bonsai trees in China are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang and southern coastal provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places of the sub-faction known as the North and the South. Factions in the north have sent the Soviet Union, Yangzhou bonsai, Sichuan camp, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang School, customs and other schools to send; and southern factions to Guangzhou, Guilin, as the center, mainly the Lingnan School. On the artistic style is concerned, thorough, and spectacular bonsai Yangzhou; the Soviet Union sent Kiyohide quaint; Chuan Qiu Qu scene in camp; Anhui peculiar quaint; Lingnan vigorous nature; Shanghai sprightly fluency; pass sent majestic, unique.
Yangzhou Yangzhou is the name of bonsai Bonsai Art School, which is the center of Yangzhou City, including many parts of northern Jiangsu, such as Taizhou, Taixing, Xinghua, Gaoyou, East Taiwan, Yancheng, Baoying and so on. Because of the relationship between the region, throughout the treatment in the arts are more or less the same.
Bonsai Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty according to legend began to spread, Yuan and Ming bar on the use of film modeling method, the prevalence of time to Qing Dynasty. Lee Doo-ching in the "floating restaurant yangzhou recorded" mentioned in a number of bonsai Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao painting in the miniature plum. West Lake Park is set out in the Sabina chinensis bonsai pot, the original stored in Tianning Temple in Temple, the remains of the late Ming University, about 60 inside the trunk, flexion, such as Qiu-long, only one-third of tree bark, tree canopy may , un-, green drips from the modeling point of view, that is the traditional bonsai style Yangzhou masterpiece. Bonsai Bonsai can be seen the formation of Yangzhou, when no later than the Ming Dynasty.
Developed economic and cultural city of Yangzhou, Yangzhou profoundly affected the artistic style of bonsai bonsai formation. If the garden Yangzhou vigorous both north and south of the beautiful, then, Yangzhou is also the case of bonsai, the art of its characteristics can be summarized as "thorough and full of change, yet delicate and pretty spectacular," painting as the "iron bar detailed description. " Bonsai Yangzhou old age of clients is large salt traders, large landowners, big bureaucracy, such as the feudal ruling class, they also affect the aesthetic taste of the miniature plastic arts. Yangzhou, the use of brown silk bonsai "bar-fine precision cut" of the modeling method, in particular, pay attention to the profound skill and training at an early age to form a "pile will be the oldest to long for your; film formation will be to reactive your" standard of review, are related to that affect the.
Yangzhou to foliage type of bonsai pine, Parkinson, elm, boxwood trees, etc., represented. There are other species used Pinus, Podocarpus, and Parker, Liuyuexue, gingko, plum, Damnacanthus, genistein, azalea, camellia, Chinese wolfberry, Peak, Tau, Wisteria, Nandina domestica, Chimonanthus, pomegranates and honeysuckle, etc.. In general, the evergreen species and in view of flower, fruit of the tree species concept more. In recent years, the trees used in bonsai material, and constantly enrich and increase.
Yangzhou bonsai trees in order to rule-based modeling on the main characteristics of the most significant is the "cloud-chip." Brown cloud piece is cut silk Zafar, the formation of thin branches created. The general shape of the top piece for the round, in shape for the palm, like a blue sky in the cluster of clouds over Chung.
Cloud is modeled on the original film image of the natural world of trees, such as the famous Huangshan pine branches Yingke flat, Thinopyrum crown cap, the formation of a general processing. Cloud landscape film also draws on the vision of Cangsong Cuibai posture, it does not seek detailed descriptions, and pay attention to crown the image of the overall composition, are highly decorative, delicate and pretty people to feel beautiful.
Cloud size and the number of tablets should be based on tree and plant the size of about 1 ~ 9. Yun-chip level 1 to 3 referred to as the "desktop", said multi-layered "style Qiao-yun." Yun-chip arrangements are caused by density, the level of affordable, scattered in all directions, structured. Polar cloud formation tablets, such as water filled his home, and no spillover of the consideration.
According to traditional Chinese painting "No-inch straight sticks," the rationale for the painting, cloud film of each branch are generally created very detailed bending snake-like, the most secret "in a single inch of the three bends", and leaf-ping and Yang are parallel and out. This capsule common box for seeds, trees, etc. Sageretia.
Created branches to cloud the film is extremely difficult. After many years of processing of general training to be forming. After forming in each film must also complex 1 or 2 times, kung fu deep. As for the brown bar-shear method, there is Jan Brown, at the end of Brown, Brown to write, play Brown, mix brown, flat brown, brown set, brown crane, under the brown, and even brown, linking as many as 11 kinds of brown, etc., based on different species, where appropriate, selection of different branches. Shear bar to be as far as possible, "one for each node brown, brown Tibetan Tibetan knot." Binding technical requirements of high shear, it referred to as the "bar fine precision cut." In recent years, with the development of bonsai in Yangzhou, shear bar-branch reform law also will not be affected, under the premise of artistic effect, and strive to simplify the technique. At the same time, also studied the experience of other schools, such as palm cultivation Yu, Sageretia species, such as on the lessons of the Soviet Union to send film shear strengths, combined with the use of shear bar, received the effect of shape easily.
Yangzhou style bonsai trees do not have to use cloud-type, but may vary due to material, dealt with separately. Seen mainly in the song goes, film, Parkinson, elm, boxwood and other species. With the cloud of trees adapted to film mostly created the backbone of helix-shaped bend, and powerful as a dragon, is very dynamic and people in order to curve the United States, used to say "Dragon bend." Cloud bar bending films are placed on the protruding parts of the trunk and bending in sharp contrast, at the same time shows the fine trees.
Yangzhou style bonsai trees mentioned about the roots, the roots of trees each year is about to bring up the mention of the roots, but also to carefully trade-off, with the potential of trees from the top of each other in order to mention the main characteristics of the root of the tree, also known as the "reference radical." To root in order to foster a bonsai, potted plants normally would be part of the root even when the soil surface bulge basin, a long time, the rain and the water washed the soil above the roots will be exposed to natural soil surface. Used to root Liuyuexue, Spring Festival, such as genistein and palm trees elm, may also have recourse to many other species.
Yangzhou bonsai bonsai trees, the rocks are spread in order to make parts in a pot, used to referred to as the "point of stone." Bonsai trees have rocks for comparison and background, are often not of high trees, showing the towering momentum, adds flavor and poetic nature. "Stone Point" of the resettlement, they are required to match with the trees, love and stare, the level varies, the momentum is. "Stone Point" generally Yingshi, Xuan Shi, stalagmites and other rock hard stone.
With basin area, Yangzhou Yixing bonsai purple used to pottery basins, basin-shaped form to the manger, the Quartet's 1000 cylindrical, square-shaped bucket-shaped and as the Admiralty more. In recent years a more diverse style with new pots.
Yangzhou territory without mountains, trees rich resources, drawn from the field. Cultivation methods in the trees, Yangzhou saplings bonsai ago to emphasize the training and use of basin development, the level of rich, sophisticated technology, but spent too much time. At present, improved training and use of wild young earth both old pile, pot culture and the turn of the ground training and shorten the training time.
After the liberation, Yangzhou has been the cause of the bonsai new development. Bonsai artist million Yangzhou Jin-tong, Taizhou bonsai artists such as Wang Shoushan Yangzhou inherit and carry forward the tradition of miniature art, the legacy of carefully nurtured some of the oldest bonsai, preserved the treasures with the typical characteristics. In recent years, the establishment of a large-scale yangzhou bonsai garden and bonsai production base, a number of bonsai training professionals in the succession of miniature traditional skills in Yangzhou on the basis of innovation. Yangzhou Bonsai is the export volume has increased year by year, Yangzhou bonsai bonsai works excellent on many occasions both at home and abroad participated in the exhibition, has been widely acclaimed.
